Silent danger: How to recognize asthma, reduce risks and keep it under control

According to the latest medical reports from the World Health Organization, more than 360 million people worldwide currently suffer from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease. Asthma, which is particularly common among children and is considered the most widespread chronic disease in this age group, causes more than 440,000 deaths annually when it is not diagnosed and properly managed in time.

Although there is no complete cure for asthma, modern medical approaches and a healthy lifestyle can help keep the condition fully under control.

What is asthma and how does it affect the body?

Asthma is a pathological condition accompanied by chronic inflammation of the small airways (bronchi) in the lungs, tightening and narrowing of the airway muscles, and increased production of thick mucus. When the airways narrow, it becomes more difficult for air to enter and leave the lungs.

What are the main symptoms of asthma?

Wheezing: A whistling sound coming from the airways when breathing in or out.

Persistent cough: A dry cough that becomes more pronounced, particularly at night or when exposed to cold air.

Shortness of breath and breathlessness: A sensation of being unable to take a deep breath, even at rest.

Chest tightness: A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the chest area.

Risk factors and triggers

Experts say that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of asthma. The main factors that can trigger the disease and increase the risk include:

* People with a family history of asthma, eczema or allergic rhinitis (hay fever) have a higher risk of developing the disease;

* House dust mites, mould, pet dander and seasonal pollen can cause acute reactions in the airways;

* Working in environments with high levels of chemical fumes, dusty conditions (occupational asthma) and vehicle exhaust fumes can increase airway sensitivity;

* Exposure to tobacco smoke, including passive smoking, and obesity can increase the frequency and severity of asthma attacks;

* Viral infections such as influenza and the common cold, as well as sudden changes in air temperature, are among the main factors that can trigger airway narrowing.

5 golden rules for keeping the disease under control

According to World Health Organization guidelines, people with asthma can lead fully active lives with appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

Two main types of inhalers are used in asthma treatment: bronchodilators that provide rapid relief from symptoms and preventive steroid-based medications that reduce inflammation.

A special plastic chamber called a spacer should be used to ensure that medication delivered through an inhaler does not remain in the throat but reaches the bronchi directly.

Patients should identify what triggers acute attacks, such as dust, strong odours or cold air, and avoid these factors.

An individual “asthma action plan” developed together with a doctor clearly outlines what steps should be taken during acute attacks.

Finally, it is important to humidify the air in living and working spaces, minimise household dust and completely avoid tobacco smoke.

Aysel Matlab